Yesterday I mentioned that the Seattle School Board has committed itself to "eradicating institutional racism" in the School District. Unfortunately, details about the existence of institutional racism in the Seattle schools or how the Board plans to eradicate it have been scarce. So I e-mailed each of the members of the School Board and asked them to answer the following questions:
1) What is your definition of the term "institutional racism"?I thank School Board Member Brita Butler-Wall for sending a prompt and substantive reply to my questions. Her complete reply follows (indented) along with my inline commentary.
2) What are some specific examples of institutional racism in the Seattle schools?
3) What specific steps will be taken to eradicate institutional racism?
4) How will the School District measure its progress toward this goal?
I agree that there can be many different views of racism. The board and senior staff recently went through the training offered by the People's Institute for Survival and Beyond and you may be interested in taking a look at their website to learn about their analysis.Done. The People's Institute principles include "Undoing Militarism : Militarism must be recognized as applied racism. It is the force that maintains the current imbalance of power. " and "Racism is the single most critical barrier to building effective coalitions for social change. Racism has been consciously and systematically erected, and it can be undone only if people understand what it is, where it comes from, how it functions, and why it is perpetuated." The website does not explain "what it is", let alone "where it comes from, how it functions, and why it is perpetuated". I guess you have to attend the entire expensive seminar before they even tell you why you're there.
These trainers come to Seattle every few months--I think they may be doing a training at the end of June, if you are interested in participating.I can only wonder how much of the School District's budget was spent sending the board members and senior staff to the People's Institute workshop and how much money and staff time they expect to spend sending teachers and administrators in the future.
Basically, I define institutional racism as the combination of race privilege plus power, meaning that the system is set up (inadvertently or not) to favor people of one race over another, and the mechanisms of the institution then reinforce with institutional power these discrepancies. We should bear in mind that 'race' is, according to many social scientists, a social construct which was created for a specific purpose. Racism and prejudice are thus two separate things. For example, a person could have very little prejudice toward people of a certain race, but still benefit from the unequal treatment provided by institutional racism. Even relatively poor white people enjoy some privileges they may be unaware of just because of their race.Two observations I've made elsewhere leave me skeptical about the claim that white people have special "race privilege" and "power" in Seattle schools. First, the highest performing ethnic groups in Seattle schools are not white, but East Asian. Second, only half of Seattle's white children attend Seattle public schools, the other half go to private schools. If the Seattle schools were a bastion of white privilege, why do so few white parents send their kids there?
Gary Howard has written extensively about 'white privilege' and you may find his work interesting.Here is one thing that Gary Howard has written: "our goal is neither to deify nor denigrate Whiteness, but to defuse its destructive power.”. Yes, I do find that interesting.
Director Butler-Wall gave two examples of "institutional racism".
Example 1:
In Seattle, we expect children to learn to read standard written English as part of their education. However, we do not always acknowledge or support the extra work it takes to learn to read standard written English when the child comes from a home where another language or dialect is spoken, unless they actually come from a different country.Berkeley linguist John McWhorter, one of the leading academic experts on African American dialects, dismisses this notion as "Throwing Money at an Illusion".
Example 2:
most of our teachers are white and many of our students are not. Children of color are much less likely to have a role model from their own 'race' or ethnic group in the classroom. This does not mean that our principals are racist, but that our system is set up to attract white teachers.First of all, most of our teachers are white because most of the people who live here are white. So are most trained teachers and education school graduates. The only way to get around these statistics is to hire unqualified teachers or to engage in zero-sum competition with other school districts for the limited supply of non-white teachers. Second, why should one assume that a child's role model needs to be of the same skin color as the child? Does this mean that a black teacher cannot be a good role model for an Asian child? And if the assumption is that a white teacher cannot be a good role model for an Asian child, why are Asian children outperforming everybody else in the schools?
We will be looking at institutional racism as part of the 5-year plan and I'm sure that there will be many steps we can take to dismantle it over the next few years, or at least get a good start on the process. Some of the areas may involve teacher training, curriculum review, student assignment, or whatever.An unconvincing paucity of specifics. And isn't it illegal in the state of Washington to assign students on the basis of race?
The Superintendent is adding a position of Director of Equity and Race Relations so that there will be a senior administrator making sure we don't lose momentum on this. I assume this person will be able to be a 'go-to' for all of us in getting information and ideas. Part of our work will be to develop assessment measures. For one, we certainly hope that in the future, race will not be a good predictor of how well a child does in school on our traditional measures such as tests, grades, graduation rates, etc. (In other words, how a kid does in school will continue to vary by individual, but will not be correlated with their 'race'.)I'm pleased that the School Board recognizes that assessment measures are needed to quantify the status of "institutional racism" and to measure any progress toward its eradication. But on what basis has the Board already determined that "institutional racism" is a problem that needs to be solved before any of those assessment measures have even been created?
This is a sensitive topic and there are many controversies surrounding racism. I appreciate your thoughtful questions and comments on this. We have increasing numbers of mixed race students in our district and the issue of institutional racism is increasingly important.If the district has an increasing number of mixed race students it's a sign of increasingly integrated families, which suggests that race is becoming less important in the community at large. Why should the school district need to spend more of its time dealing with racism at a time when society as a whole is becoming integrated to the point that the old concepts of race are beginning to fade away?
I do appreciate that Brita Butler-Wall took the time to reply to my questions. But she hasn't yet convinced me that the School Board is taking the most productive path towards helping the thousands of underperforming Seattle public schoolchildren to achieve their potential.
Board members Irene Stewart and Darlene Flynn also replied to my e-mail, although their remarks did disappointingly little to advance their arguments. I include their complete replies in the second part of the post.
Irene Stewart
Mr. Sharkansky,Darlene Flynn
Your Web site would indicate that you are not particularly interested in understanding my perspective on this issue. I have to wonder why you would call the school board "a bunch of racists" because a resolution commemorating Brown v. Board of Education calls for the eradication of institutionalized racism and refers to students of color (SharkBlog, 6/20/04). You wrote to me after that was published.
The school board resolution calls for the elimination of "processes, attitudes, and behaviors, whether intentional or unintentional, which prevent students of color from receiving consistently appropriate and high-quality services in our schools." In no way does that goal deny the same treatment for any other racially- or culturally-defined group of students.
I do not care to contribute to intentionally inflammatory publications. I already run the risk that you will publish this message, or parts thereof, out of context. However, in response to your specific questions:* Institutionalized racism is defined in the resolution and in the paragraph above.
* You can get more information about institutionalized racism by doing a Google search.
* You can find Seattle Public Schools reports on academic performance and other measures, disaggregated by race, as well as strategies and outcomes, at http://www.seattleschools.org/area/eag/reports.xml on the Web.
* The school board will play a key role in the years to come by examining policy and budget implications with an eye to access, equity, and success for all students.
I believe Director Stewart did a thorough job responding to your questions. Thank you for contacting us for clarification.I replied to Directors Stewart and Flynn and assured them that I am interested in learning their position; promised not to quote them out of context; reiterated my request for specific examples of institutional racism in Seattle Schools; and observed that:
I think you'll have a greater chance of winning community support for the direction you're taking if you engage the skeptics head on and present a compelling case for what you're attempting to do.UPDATE: Irene Stewart e-mailed back promising to write more later. In the meantime, she notes that her definition of institutionalized racism is
"processes, attitudes, and behaviors, whether intentional or unintentional, which prevent students of color from receiving consistently appropriate and high-quality services in our schools."I'm troubled by the apparent distinction between white students and students of color. When a non-white student receives poor service it is called "racism". But what is it called when a white student receives poor service? I'll withhold other questions about this definition until the board members send me more documented examples of what they consider to be institutional racism. Posted by Stefan Sharkansky at June 22, 2004 07:00 AM
Long story short, "Institutional Racism" means any factor, real or imaginary, that can be used to excuse the underachievement of some minority students.
Posted by: Matt J Kurlander on June 22, 2004 04:27 AMMy daughter is a teacher at one of the financially poorest Catholic schools in the Seattle Archdiocese. 53% of the students are from somewhere else -- "newly arrived" through "sopping wet" (her terms). Average time at the school for children to learn to speak and write English well enough to integrate into regular class is one year to 18 months. (Only English is allowed to be spoken on campus).
There is a catch, however, my daughter (and many of the other teachers at the school) regularly work six-day weeks during the school year. For my daughter this is a real sacrifice because she needs to work a second job to suppliment her income from teaching.
She told me once that the toughtest students to teach are not the non-English speaking newly arrived, but students who transfer from the public schools. She said that their attitudes and poor study habits picked up in the public schools make them very difficult to main stream into the (at least one year ahead) private schools.
The Catholic Bishop made the schools take the WASL this year. All the students taking the test at her school passed -- except for a newly arrived former public school student. Several of the classes received 100% passing.
Having this insight into a successful school, I have to shake my head whenever I hear from the government school leadership about bogus problems of "institutional racism" and the like. It is such BS...
While I agree that the Seattle School Board has in no way justified spending time or money on this issue, I also believe that any article or letter to be fisked should be posted (or linked to) in it's entirety. Please post a link to Brita Butler-Wall's entire letter. Merely posting "The essence of her reply" leaves you open to criticism of quoting her out of context.
Posted by: Tony on June 22, 2004 01:18 PMTony, fair enough. I added the rest of Brita Butler-Wall's remarks to the post.
I had originally edited out a small portion of her email only to save space, I don't believe that the meaning of her comments would have been altered by the deletion of those few lines.
Posted by: Stefan Sharkansky on June 22, 2004 01:35 PMNote well: Every rationalization for educational race-mongering always begins by defining "race" as privelege plus power. It seems nicely formulaic, while allowing the assumptions of the race-baiter to simply inject his ideological assumptions into the meaning of "privelege." It is, put simply, tautological to the core. This makes the argument irrefutable, without helping it acquire coherence or even sense. Reject their definition of "racism" (which is purposely constructed to eliminate, by definition, the very possibility of a non-white racist or even of a white victim thereof) and their entire argument collapses in a puff of circularity.
See the "Affirmativer Action FAQ" page of any large public university for more of the same (my former school, IUPUI, is a clasic in the genre).
Posted by: Sage on June 22, 2004 03:58 PMYikes. Mangled syntax and spelling all over that comment. Sorry.
Posted by: Sage on June 22, 2004 04:04 PMThe efforts of the Seattle School Board will have one certain outcome, to hasten the exodus of more Seattlites with school age children to the burbs and private schools. Why should parents risk the future of their children on more experimental social policies?
I'm convinced the Seattle elites are steering their community to third-world status.
Posted by: Gary B on June 22, 2004 05:24 PMWhich will, in turn, be viewed (as per Sage's comment) as proof of the fundamentally racist nature of the parents of Seatllites.
Only by sticking w/ a downward spiraling school system, while supporting every experimental (and even failed) effort that comes along can folks show that they are not, in fact, racist to the core.
Actual education of children, of course, is optional.
Posted by: Dean on June 22, 2004 09:53 PMwhen we visited seattle 3 summers ago, my wife described it as 'a sane san francisco.' i've started to wonder about the 'sane' part.
Posted by: greeneyeshade on June 22, 2004 10:50 PMI work at a university in the Midwest, whose chancellor has ties to the EST human potential movement. The whole campus has been pressured to undergo this training.
The reason this is relevant, is because the same methodology is used.
Legitimate questions are viewed as an attack that must be defended against.
The motivation of the questioners is addressed, rather than the substance of their questions.
Large sums of money are spent, without regard to defined measurements of success.
I can only urge you to NOT GIVE UP asking questions and bringing this to light in a public forum. You are certainly not alone in your quest for accountability by educational entities, including the appropriate use of public funds.
If your local paper is at all willing to address this issue, contact them. Contact "alternative" media, also (which will put pressure on traditional media).
I hope you can educate other local parents as to the seriousness of this issue.
Posted by: cj on June 23, 2004 01:23 AM"The Superintendent is adding a position of Director of Equity and Race Relations ...."
is the answer. School systems are loyal to their employees, not their customers.
Where is the Soros or Bill Gates who will pick a school system and cure it? "Hello, (insert city name here), I'll pay your school budget, in full, for 5 years. But I DECIDE WHO WORKS THERE."
The politicians would approve, all that money free to spend on new patronage...
Top 10 % scoring class teachers get a $5,000 bonus every year. Bottom 10% get a pink slip.
Watch that system's scores shoot through the roof.
American schools assimilated 3 generations of illiterate, innumerate, foreign language speakers into citizenship, without a single diversity coordinator, sensitivity training, or bilingual class track. The word "self esteem" was as yet unborn.
But now, it's all better.
Posted by: 76406 on June 23, 2004 06:36 AMRoger Clegg at NRO's 'The Corner' writes:
"When asked to rank the relative priorities of “raising academic standards and achievement” versus “achieving more diversity and integration,” white parents favored the former over the latter by 87 to 6 percent (and black parents voted 82 to 8 percent the same way).
"Likewise, 78 percent of Americans (including 58 percent of nonwhites) say, “Letting students go to the local school in their community is better even if it means that most of the students would be of the same race,” with only 19 percent (36 percent of nonwhites) saying, “Transferring students to other schools to create more integration is better, even if it means that some students would have to travel out of their communities to go to school.”
Posted by: Matt J Kurlander on June 23, 2004 12:04 PMNow that we know what the parents want (the putative customers, along w/ their kids of the educational system), I wonder what a poll of the teachers/administrators would show, in terms of what they think are their goals, and what they think the customers (the parents) want.
Whatever the results, it should be interesting....
Posted by: Dean on June 23, 2004 01:21 PMGood post. All I have to say is...
Politics politics politics.
I think we make a mistake when we say institutional racism doesn't exist. We also make a mistake when we call it an "excuse for the underachievement of some minority students". The biggest and most dangerous mistake we make is misappropriation of the word. That's what's left a bitter taste in peoples' mouths.
I think I left similar commentary on Joanne Jacobs' blog, but it bares repetition. The Seattle School District (SSD) is in need of an overhaul. A Director of Equity and Race Relations? Please. What a front and excuse to waste money. Dealing with some of the inconsistencies in schooling across racial borders is not going to take more money or a cushy position filled by someone intent on being ineffective.
Seattle is notorious for throwing dollars at everything. Meanwhile, a good percentage of SSD teachers don't and can't teach. Many of them don't even teach subjects in which they're experts. These are the same people who attempted to go on strike a few years back for more pay. I'm the daughter of a teacher so I understand the struggle. But I have zero respect or sympathy for people who don't do their job. Teacher’s unions are generally if not always, opportunistic groups intent on evil.
Some of my proposals: Fire these ineffectively political principals; hire some administrators who have a spine and won't let unruly teenagers run over them; get some teachers who give a care; fire the ones who don’t; promote based on performance; get rid of “special education”; stop teaching this "feel good about yourself even if you can't read" curriculum; buy books and computers instead of stadiums and cheerleader uniforms; start blowing the whistle on school officials having sex with students. These are all issue the SSD has failed to address, and doing so would not take more money. Just work. Something most people are not accustomed to doing.
Posted by: Ambra Nykol on June 25, 2004 03:09 PM